Jean-Pierre
Blanchard was quick
to follow suit and on the 30th November 1784, along with an American physician,
named Dr. John Jeffries, he launched his first balloon flight from Rhedarium
Gardens, London, finally landing on the banks of the Thames. Just a few weeks
later the two teamed up once again and on the 7th January 1785 they became
the first men to fly across the English Channel, carrying with them the very
first airmail letter!
Ballooning, however,
was not without its dangers. During July of the same year, Jean-François
Pilâtre de Rozier attempted to cross the Channel in a hybrid gas/hot-air
balloon, along with a passenger named Romain. The flight became the first
aviation accident when a fire caused the hydrogen to explode, killing both
men.
Perhaps because
of this, Blanchard began to experiment with the idea of a parachute, and later
that same year demonstrated his idea by dropping a basket carrying a small
animal. The basket, supported by a rudimentary parachute, landed safely leading
Blanchard to pursue his determination to provide adequate rescue and safety
resources for balloonists. The exact date that he personally parachuted out
of a gas balloon is unknown, although it was believed to be during 1785; however
it is clear that Blanchard foreshadowed the later parachute descents of Andre
Garnerin.
Jean-Pierre continued
to give balloon flight demonstrations throughout the world, including the
first ever balloon flight in North America where he flew from the Washington
Prison Yard in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Gloucester County, New Jersey
- a flight which was observed by American President, George Washington. Blanchard's
wife, Marie, who had also learnt to pilot balloons, accompanied him on many
of these demonstrations.
Sadly, in February 1808, Blanchard suffered
a heart attack while on a flight over The Hague in the Netherlands and fell
more than fifty feet. He never recovered from the fall and died on March 7th,
1809.Our modern hot-air balloon, which was
developed in the United States during the 1960's, has two main technological
advances that differ from the balloons of the Montgolfier brothers and Jean-Pierre
Blanchard (which were gas balloons). Firstly, the envelope (the actual balloon)
is made with rip-stop nylon, which is very safe (it is the envelope that carries
the burner) and, secondly, the LPG burner is now used. When thinking of a balloon many people
remember the balloons that were covered in net; with sandbags that were attached
to the basket - in other words, the gas balloon. Generally used for long flights,
they are something of a rarity in France, where only three are known to exist.
The difference between the gas balloon and the hot-air balloon can be clearly
identified by the fact that the envelope of a gas balloon is closed at the
bottom, trapping the gas within. To gain or lose height, sand is used. We've
all watched those films where whole sandbags are thrown over the side as the
balloon needs to descend. In fact this is a false picture of a gas balloon,
as ascent and descent is achieved by using very small amount of sands.In contrast, the hot-air balloon is
controlled by heat. The envelope, which is filled with air and is open at
the bottom, is heated until the balloon is ready to rise into the sky - the
height of the balloon being controlled by either cooling the air (descent)
or heating it (ascent).